Limited to matters that can be enacted by legislation, and no measures that interfere with the legislatures ability to direct taxation of necessary revenues. 23-17-17). Const. Law 6-201 and -202, Massachusetts: Const. 24, 1). 3519.01). Application process information: No fee or application prior to circulating. Const. If 110 % or more, the petition passes. Art. 72.050 and .060). Subject restrictions: Referendum shall not apply to dedications of revenue, to appropriations, to local or special legislation or to laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety (Const. That means the total number of signatures required for ballot access will vary depending upon which congressional districts sponsors put together to reach the total of six . Chief petitioners must file a statement declaring whether circulators will be paid (ORS 250.045). Art. 295.009, Ohio: Const. Code 9030). Number of signatures required: 10% of the voters who voted in the preceding general election (Const. 3, 1; SDCL 2-1-6). Legislature or other government official review: After certification for the ballot, the joint committee on legislative research holds a public hearing in Jefferson City to take public comments regarding the measure (V.A.M.S. Idaho: Within 20 days after initial petition filing, attorney general reviews and recommends revisions in an advisory capacity. Signers must be residents in at least three-fourths of the state house districts, and signatures in each house district must equal in number at least 7% of those who voted in the preceding general election, 3% of total votes cast for the office of governor from at least 15 counties. IV, 1). 2, 3). 1953 20A-7-212). The recall allows residents to remove the person in office. Submission deadline of signatures: Must be 120 days before the election it is to be voted upon (NDCC Const. Amend. Art. Fourteen states do not have any process for withdrawal: Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Must report contributions received if more than$20 and all expenditures quarterly in off-election years, on the first Monday in May and every two weeks thereafter before the primary election, on the first day of each month beginning with the sixth full month before a major election, on the first Monday in September and on each Monday every two weeks thereafter before the major election, and 30 days after the major election. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: Not specified. Lieutenant governor with assistance from attorney general, Secretary of state, approved by attorney general, Ark. III, 4). Withdrawal of petition: Any time before the final submission of signatures, the delegated proponents may write to the secretary of state to withdraw (34 Okl.St.Ann. Art. Art. Art. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (O.R.S. Which election is a measure on: General election (SDCL 2-1-17). Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Signatures submitted to appropriate state officials at least 10 days before submitted to secretary of state, which is the 50th day of the first regular session or the 25th day of the second regular session (21-A M.R.S.A. Art. Conflicting measures: The measure receiving the greatest number of affirmative votes prevails (N.R.S. Three or more registrars must certify the petitions and follow other rules as per administrative regulations 950 CMR 55 (M.G.L.A. As in the case of the initiative and referendum, the recall process gives citizens a chance to practice grassroots democracy by removing elected officials who are disapproved of by a majority of voters. Petition title and summary creation: Within 15 days of the issuance of the certificate of review by the attorney general, petitioners file the measure with the secretary of state, who forwards it to the attorney general, who has 10 days to draft a title (IC 34-1809(2)). Code 13-309). Code Ann. For direct measures, four months from the election (RCWA 29A.72.030). Submission deadline for signatures: Within 90 days following the final adjournment of the legislative session at which the law was enacted (Const. For indirect initiatives, about nine months (proposed measure submitted within 10 months of the session it is to be submitted at with a deadline of 10 days before the session). For amendments, must be submitted for verification by the third Tuesday in June of the general election year. 2). 19, 2; Art. Art. Art. Washington: equal to one-third (Const. 1953 20A-7-212). 7-9-104; A.C.A. III, 52(c); Wyo Stat. 22-24-408 and -410). 4, Pt. Who creates petitions: Sponsors (RCW 29A.72.100). 2; 21 Okl.St.Ann. The attorney general submits a draft ballot title and the public may submit written comments in regard to it, which the attorney general may use to revise the title (O.R.S. 1953 20A-7-202; 20A-7-205.5). Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Verification: A random sample of 5% of the signatures is verified by county recorders (ARS 19-121.01(B)). Laws 168.471. IV, 1, Pt. In many areas certain proposals must be put on the ballot for public approval. II, 1(b) and RCW 29A.72.150, 4% of the votes cast for the office of governor at the last election, 15% of the total ballots cast in the previous general election. Const. If legislature amends, it does not go into effect until the original is rejected by the voters (OH Const. CONST. Stat. See. Collected in-person: Original ink signatures are required (ORC 3519.051 and 3501.38(B)). Bans on payment-per-signature have met with mixed results in the courts. For amendments, 10 % of the total votes cast for governor (M.C.L.A. Thirteen of the 23 popular referendum states have geographic distribution requirements for petition signatures. Collected in-person: Yes (Wyo. Submission deadline of signatures: At least 30 days before Feb. 1 of the year of the general election that the measure is to be voted upon (F.S.A. Art. Cal.Elec.Code 9005; Cal.Gov.Code 12172. For initiated state statutesorveto referendums, signatures must be gathered from 5% of qualified electors in each of one-third (34) of the state's 100 legislative districts (MT CONST Art. Const. Types allowed: Indirect initiative for statutes, direct initiative for constitutional amendments and popular referendum. Timeline for taking effect: Effective upon the governor's proclamation of the vote (Const. Art. 16, 6; N.R.S. Const. Which election: Next general election (Const. Legislature reviews the indirect statutory initiatives. Legislature may hold public hearings and must hold a committee hearing once 25 percent of signatures are collected (Cal.Gov.Code 12172; 10243; 12172; Cal.Elec.Code 9007; 9034). Verification: Secretary of state verifies via a random sampling (SDCL 2-1-11; 2-1-15; 2-1-16; SDCL 2-1-17). Geographic distribution: No more than one-quarter of signatures may come from a single county (M.G.L.A. For amendments, 10% of total votes cast for governor. Ballot title and summary: Full text is printed on the ballot if it is 200 words or less; if it is more than 200 words, secretary of state drafts a title. 3519.22. 3, 2). If the random sample verification establishes that fewer than 95% of signatures are valid, the petition is deemed insufficient. Submission deadline of signatures: 18 months (W.S.1977 22-24-315). Get started for free! Constitution 48, Init., Pt. Const. Circulator requirements: 18 years of age (NRS 295.0575). General election, but governor and legislature may call special elections, and certified ballot title is due at least 65 days before the election. Taken together, they are called the politics of direct action. IV, 1). Art. Must file a statement of organization as a political issues committee no later than seven days after receiving contributions or making expenditures totaling at least $750, and annually by 5 p.m. on Jan. 10 thereafter, unless it has filed a notice of dissolution. Geographic distribution: Original geographical requirement found unconstitutional. 5, 3), Timeline for taking effect: When approved by a majority of votes (OK Const. 1953 20A-7-203). Which election is a measure on: General election (N.R.S. 22-25-101). Art. 22-25-106). Art. 100.371), Geographic distribution: Signatures in each of one-half of the 27 congressional districts of the state (F.S.A. Tit. The referendum may be obligatory or optional. 1953 20A-7-202), Proponent organization and requirements: At least five sponsors must apply (U.C.A. 23-17-1), Proponent organization and requirements: Statement of organization if operating financially (Miss. II, 1(c)). Public review or notice: A public pamphlet includes the analysis prepared by the legislative council, arguments for and against and the fiscal statement. Art. License petition entity must register with secretary of state and obtain license (C.R.S.A. 116.030) and secretary of state drafts a ballot title which appears on the petition (Mo.Rev.Stat. To make it more difficult to place initiatives on the ballot and to ensure initiatives do not represent just the interests of heavily populated areas, some states have created a requirement that signatures be gathered from across the state. Ballot title and summary: Secretary of the commonwealth drafts a fair, concise summary that appears on petitions and on the ballot (Const. 22-24-407). III, 4). 3, 18). The most common requirements: that they be at least 18 years old, a citizen, a registered voter and/or a resident of the state. Oregon: The Citizens' Initiative Review Commission reviews measures and may create a citizen panel to review specific items. Art. Timeline for collecting signatures: Signature gathering begins on a date specified by the secretary of state and cannot be less than 15 or more than 30 days from the date when all appeals and rehearings have been resolved or have expired. 3, 18), Collected in-person: Yes (M.R.S.A. For statutory initiatives, 6% of total votes cast for all candidates for governor in last general election. Art. The attorney general reviews the ballot title after signed petitions are turned in (34 Okl.St.Ann. 34-1805), Geographic distribution: Six % of the qualified electors at the time of the last general election in each of at least 18 legislative districts, out of 35 total districts (I.C. V, 3 and 34 OS 1, 4 and 8). Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: There must be at least 60 days between submission of the petition and the election (Const. 2, 3). Office of the Legislative Fiscal Analyst conducts an estimate and description of funding sources. Art. II, 1g; O.R.C. A list of the initiative, referendum, and recall . Art. A report is also due no later than the 15th day after the deadline for filing the referendum petition (Mo.Rev.Stat. Number of signatures required: 5% of votes cast for all candidates for governor at the last gubernatorial election (Const. 19-102), Fiscal review: Prepared by joint legislative budget committee staff (A.R.S. 3, 8). 901 and 1 M.R.S.A. XI, 6 and AS 15.45.440). LXXXI, 4). Clerks follow specific guidelines as to verification decisions in code. XLVII, Pt. This ensures that measures will not be passed by a small minority of voters, either because of a low turnout or ballot-drop off (where voters only vote partway through a ballot). 168.22e; 168.476; 168.477; 168.480, Montana: MCA 13-27-401; 13-27-402; 13-27-410; 13-27-311, Nebraska: Neb. Art. S. So as a whole, the free-response section accounts for half your total AP Gov score (the other 50% comes from the multiple-choice section). Petitions must be filed within 90 days after the legislative session at which the law was passed adjourns either sine die or for more than 90 days. 48, Init., Pt. 3, 52(e) and Wyo. On the next general election or a special election if ordered by the legislature. II, 9(b)). Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: Non-emergency laws subject to referendum do not take effect until 30 days after voter approval. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but are not limited to filing with the secretary of state, written disclaimers when publicizing, limits on contributions, detailed contribution reports, unexpended campaign contributions, and rules promulgated by secretary of state (C.R.S.A. art. For constitutional amendments, 15% of legal voters. There is a 15-day cure period after a statement of insufficiency is issued by the secretary of state, and proponents may deliver additional signatures during this time. II, 1c). Timeline for collecting signatures: Once the petition is approved and a serial number is issued, sponsors have until 5 p.m. on the 90th day after the legislature session adjourns. Art. Application process information: Application is filed on a form provided by the secretary of state and must contain the sponsor's name, or if an organization, the names and titles of its officers; address; intent to circulate and file a petition; a description of not more than 200 words of the principal provisions of the measure and the full text, in no less than 8-point font; and application for an official serial number. 48, Init., Pt. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but are not limited to reporting for contributions over $1,000, restrictions on what organizations can support, disclosure statements, semi-annual and pre-election statements, quarterly ballot measure statements, expedited and triggered statements and more (Cal.Gov.Code 82013, 84200, 84202.3, 85309, 84511, 84101, Cal.Elec.Code 18680; Form 460). 106.19). Who can sign the petition: Registered voters (Const. Some of these geographic distribution requirements have been found to be unconstitutional, largely on one person, one vote grounds. Art. Legislature may repeal statute with majority vote (Const. LXXXI, 4). XVI, 1; O.R.C. St. 32-1410), Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Four months prior to the general election (Neb. Code 107). For amendments, unless specified otherwise, July 1 following approval (MCA 13-27-105; MT CONST Art. Contributions from non-residents of the state, political committees organized outside the state, or an entity that is not filed with the secretary of state for four years preceding the contribution are prohibited (SDCL 12-27-18.2). 2, 10; N.R.S. 7-9-104; 7-9-108), General review of petition: Exact petition copy filed with secretary of state and approval of title by attorney general (A.C.A.
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