D. speed of processing. C. all scores are around the average score. 13 Which of the following statements is true of inductive reasoning? Our mission is to improve educational access and learning for everyone. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. The working memory files hold a limited amount of information. d. IQ tests have socioeconomic biases. A. Preparing for the dinner party in this way is an example of b. Familial retardation People ascribe greater value to things they already own when compared with objects owned by someone else. a person's age at the time the memory is processed. A mechanical problem-solving technique is also referred to as: Once the information has been encoded, we have to somehow retain it. C. practicing groupthink refers to the retention of information or experience over time? By following the instructions correctly, you are guaranteed to arrive at the right answer. Artificial concepts can enhance the understanding of a topic by building on one another. B. functional fixedness. So you have worked hard to encode (via effortful processing) and store some important information for your upcoming final exam. d. trial and error. C. Hindsight bias Using the present value factors in your text (Tables 6-4 and 6-5), the net present value of the project is (rounded) 1. c. concepts; language c. convergent thinking. Automatic processing is usually done without any conscious awareness. Short-term memory is more accurately described as a component of working memory. Importantly for memory, activating any part of a semantic network also activates the concepts linked to that part to a lesser degree. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. What Is Industrial and Organizational Psychology? accident and has suffered brain damage that has severely limited mental functioning, The ability to analyze, judge, evaluate, compare, and contrast are characteristics of ________ intelligence. (b) Based on the correlation matrix, is collinearity a problem? When solving a problem, if a person is hesitant or unable to think beyond solutions that have worked in the past, he or she is stuck in: Priming is also the reason you probably said jelly in response to peanut butter. A. Heuristics guarantee a solution to a problem. Children understand metaphor and satire usually between ages 11 and 14. (f`quizlet/_5rbip A) Insured the bonds against failure and the insurer paid the claim if the underlying bonds fail B) Insured the bonds against failure and the insurer paid the claim if the underlying bonds make money C) To increase employees D) As an annual practice . D. a seven-year-old child with an IQ of 40 who was born with brain damage and needs constant attention from caregivers, an adult who, after 30 years of normal intellectual functioning, is involved in an automobile which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology The strange situation test is used to assess an infant's. Algorithms are strategies usually based on employing past experience to solve problems. What could have affected Genie's mentally? Semantic networks differ depending on personal experiences. This type of reasoning is known as. b. It attempts to explain how and why we think the way we do by studying the interactions among human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem solving, in addition to other cognitive processes. Participants remembered about 80% of the trigrams after a 3-second delay, but only 10% after a delay of 18 seconds, which caused them to conclude that short-term memory decayed in 18 seconds. : Which of the following is the correct definition of algorithms? Psychology is best defined as the study of a. mental health. What word did you come up with? A. using heuristics. If we view something as valuable, the information will move into our short-term memory system. A. descriptive reasoning. You are driving in your car and a song comes on the radio that you havent heard in at least 10 years, but you sing along, recalling every word. d. severe depression. An algorithm is a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. When you first learned to do these tasks, someone may have told you how to do them, but everything you learned since those instructions that you cannot readily explain to someone else as the way to do it is implicit memory. a. an algorithmic solution d. actual tasks involving memory. Kanzi, the chimpanzee, communicates with researchers by using: The perfect slogan becomes apparent to you, but you are not consciously aware of how you figured it out. The Algorithm Problem Solving Approach in Psychology. The best strategy for solving a problem depends largely on the unique situation. A. are complex strategies that suggest a solution to a problem. Question 3. Because it is a schema, it is extremely challenging for us to stop reaching for the phone, even though we know that we endanger our own lives and the lives of others while we do it (Neyfakh, 2013) (Figure 7.5). c. algorithmic. D. convergent thinking. The third form of retrieval is relearning, and its just what it sounds like. A different approach might be needed if speed is the primary concern. During priming exposure to a stimulus affects the response to a later stimulus. This is only one facet of the complex processes involved in cognition. Explicit memory is sometimes referred to as declarative memory, because it can be put into words. The ultimate goal of problem-solving is to overcome obstacles and find a solution that best resolves the issue. He travels several days throughout the month and spends very little time with Cooper. The reason people are more likely to come up with plate after reading about a picnic is that plate is associated (linked) with picnic. It feels almost impossible to walk in and not face the door. Episodic memory is information about events we have personally experienced (i.e., an episode). C. algorithm A. are vague and/or ill defined Parents who use the _____ parenting style give strict rules to their children with little discussion of the reasons for the rules, Compared to authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are likely to be, Cooper's father is a corporate executive who works long hours. where the event takes place. You would probably have an easier time recalling the words car, dog, and book, and a more difficult time recalling the words level, truth, and value. Jessica has been searching for a new apartment. A. overcome functional fixedness. Divergent thinking is especially difficult to teach to: b. be a good test. Algorithmsare described informally and can contain ambiguous steps.b. Which of the following is the main difference between algorithms and d. semantics. b. use symbols; think A. deductive thinking. He looked all through the glove compartment for a flashlight so that he could get a better look under his seat. Industrial Psychology: Selecting and Evaluating Employees, Organizational Psychology: The Social Dimension of Work, Human Factors Psychology and Workplace Design, Diagnosing and Classifying Psychological Disorders, Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, Mental Health Treatment: Past and Present, Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: A Special Case, The Sociocultural Model and Therapy Utilization. Memory is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time (Figure 8.2). Chances are good that it was "plate.". B. Although implicit memories are learned outside of our awareness and cannot be consciously recalled, implicit memory is demonstrated in the performance of some task (Roediger, 1990; Schacter, 1987). Moreover, you probably are good at staying balanced, but cannot tell someone the exact way you do it. In order to organize this staggering amount of information, the mind has developed a "file cabinet" of sorts in the mind. Why do people use heuristics quizlet? a. subjective. Unit 5: Cognitive Psychology | Psychology Quiz - Quizizz There are many different types of schemata, and they all have one thing in common: schemata are a method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently. View this video that explains short-term and long-term memory to learn more about how memories are stored and retrieved. c. $2,438. Choose all that apply. It is illustrated when psychologists and other scientists use theories to make predictions and then evaluate their predictions by making further observations. Brainstorming is an example of ML4T Questions - notes - (f`quizlet/_5rbip Question 1: Why did it Psy. Ch 7 Flashcards | Quizlet which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology. Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object or experience. A. intrapersonal b. algorithm. involves developing uniform procedures for administering and scoring a test, as well as creating norms, or performance standards, for the test. There are several types of schemata. Then, information in STM goes to long-term memory (you save it to your hard drive), or it is discarded (you delete a document or close a web browser). d.$8,000. c. Analytical intelligence C. Working backward in establishing subgoals should be typically avoided. In this case, Dan's experience demonstrates D. employ heuristics rather than algorithms as the problem-solving strategy. C. Vocabulary usually decreases below 50 words per day when children are between ages 9 and 11. both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. You likely thought about staying upright in the beginning, but now you just do it. Heuristics are more commonly used in everyday situations, such as figuring out the best route to get from point A to point B. (a) Our concept of snow is an example of a natural conceptone that we understand through direct observation and experience. (credit: Mark Richardson), video that explains short-term and long-term memory, video about superior autobiographical memory, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/psychology-2e/pages/8-1-how-memory-functions, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Discuss the three basic functions of memory, Describe the three stages of memory storage, Describe and distinguish between procedural and declarative memory and semantic and episodic memory. What is the correct order of the human sexual-response pattern? b. trial and error. Alternatively, elaborative rehearsal is the act of linking new information you are trying to learn to existing information that you already know. Which of the following statements about algorithms is false? She succeeded in high school by cramming for exams and relying on parental pressure to get homework done. b. the heritability of intelligence is about 0.50. Unlike heuristics, algorithms are shortcut strategies that suggest a solution to a problem. It was first demonstrated by William Bousfield (1935) in an experiment in which he asked people to memorize words. Concepts are, in many ways, big ideas that are generated by observing details, and categorizing and combining these details into cognitive structures. We organize the information with other similar information and connect new concepts to existing concepts. In this case, Carla should b. is present in all animals and helps them learn symbols for language. Round the results to three decimal places. d. Down syndrome. TEMA 40 - TERAPIA ANTIVIRAL: MECANISMO DE ACC, Arlene Lacombe, Kathryn Dumper, Rose Spielman, William Jenkins. Which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? What did Harry Harlow demonstrate in his classic study of attachment amongst baby monkeys? c. Vygotsky which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology However, Keppel and Underwood (1962) examined only the first trials of the trigram task and found that proactive interference also affected short-term memory retention. a. intelligence is largely inherited. What good is economic theory if it cant d. trial and error, The ________ involves estimating the likelihood of an event based on how easy it is to recall relevant information from memory. D. used a heuristic to solve her packing problem. 7.1 What Is Cognition? - Psychology 2e | OpenStax In psychology, concepts can be divided into two categories, natural and artificial. During proactive interference, previously learned information interferes with the ability to learn new information. B. category. Schemata also help you fill in gaps in the information you receive from the world around you. C. It involves drawing conclusions based on facts. Dr. Ambrose is administering an intelligence test, and one question asks, "During what month of the year does the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball championship games start?" Dan, who often travels in airplanes, experiences sudden fear of flying after he hears the news about an airplane crash. These are concrete, high-imagery words. She has an amazing and highly superior autobiographical memory (Figure 8.7). The voyage wasn't delayed because the bottle shattered. An algorithm is often expressed in the form of a graph, where a square represents each step. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. You might perform this script two or three times each day. Lets say you graduated from high school 10 years ago, and you have returned to your hometown for your 10-year reunion. which of the following is true about algorithms quizlet psychology It was first demonstrated by William Bousfield (1935) in an experiment in which he asked people to memorize words. People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. Pessimism "think outside the box" in order to succeed in college. C. mental set Creative intelligence When using the computer as an analogy to explain the relationship between cognition and the brain, the brain is described as the computer's _____ and cognition is described as its _____. PRNGs attempt to create numbers that are as random as possible.
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