A memorial at Hillsborough stadium, unveiled on the tenth anniversary of the disaster on 15 April 1999, reads: "In memory of the 96 men, women, and children who tragically died and the countless people whose lives were changed forever. Perimeter and lateral fencing was removed and many top stadiums were converted to all-seated. [102] Further that: "The anxiety to protect the sanctity of the pitch has caused insufficient attention to be paid to the risk of a crush due to overcrowding". Had it been reversed, the disaster could well have occurred in a similar manner but to Nottingham supporters". Deborah Glass, deputy chair of the IPCC said, "We know the people who have contacted us are the tip of the iceberg." Wright said: "The request has been submitted by a firm of solicitors in Liverpool acting on behalf of a number of individuals affected by the event. How and when all 96 victims of the Hillsborough disaster died [267], James Murdoch made a full apology for The Sun's coverage when he appeared at a hearing of the House of Commons Select committee dealing with the News International phone hacking scandal in 2012. [129], Subsequent apologies were released by Prime Minister David Cameron on behalf of the government,[9] Ed Miliband on behalf of the opposition,[130] Sheffield Wednesday Football Club, South Yorkshire Police, and former editor of The Sun, Kelvin MacKenzie, who apologised for making false accusations under the headline "The Truth". [24][25] The incident nonetheless prompted Sheffield Wednesday to alter the layout at the Leppings Lane end, dividing the terrace into three separate pens to restrict sideways movement. From 2007, an annual Hillsborough Memorial service was held at Spion Kop, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Hillsborough: Timeline of the 1989 stadium disaster - BBC News On Question Time the next year, MacKenzie publicly repeated the claims he said at the dinner; he said that he believed some of the material they published in The Sun but was not sure about all of it. The only people that weren't against us was our own city. As a result of the stadium layout and segregation policy, turnstiles that would normally have been used to enter the North Stand from the east were off-limits and all Liverpool supporters had to converge on a single entrance at Leppings Lane. His remarks led to Liverpool F.C. "[30], Police presence at the previous year's FA Cup semi-final (also between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest and also at Hillsborough Stadium) had been overseen by Chief Superintendent Brian L. [53] Standing on terraces and the use of perimeter fencing around the pitch, the use of CCTV, the timing of football matches and policing of sporting events were factors for a subsequent inquiry to consider. [197], On 13 March 2019, it was reported that Duckenfield would not be called to give evidence in his defence. The Tragic True Story Of The Hillsborough Disaster - Grunge.com [298], On 28 June 2010, following England's departure from the 2010 FIFA World Cup competition in South Africa, the UK's Culture and Sport Secretary Jeremy Hunt praised the England fans for their behaviour during the competition, saying "I mean, not a single arrest for a football-related offence, and the terrible problems that we had in Heysel and Hillsborough in the 1980s seem now to be behind us." (Everyone in the office) seemed paralysed"looking like rabbits in the headlights"as one hack described them. [278] Everton F.C. [326], Anne is a four-part docudrama about Anne Williams' campaign to reveal the truth about her son's death, which aired on ITV in January 2022. "[131], After publication, the Hillsborough Families Support Group called for new inquests for the victims. It occurred during an FA Cup semi-final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest in the two standing-only central pens in the Leppings Lane stand allocated to Liverpool supporters. The jury found they did not contribute to the danger unfolding at the turnstiles at the Leppings. The Leppings Lane end of the ground did not hold a valid safety certificate at the time of the disaster; it had not been updated since 1979. The T-shirt was red with white details like a Liverpool shirt, and had the number 96 on the back like a football shirt, with the text "Karma" and "What goes around comes back around", and a white rose, as associated with Yorkshire. We have been in contact with the Hillsborough Family Support Group and the Hillsborough Justice Campaign to express our deep regret and sincere apologies. [100], The report noted that the official capacity of the central pens was 2,200, that the Health and Safety Executive found this should have been reduced to 1,693 due to crush barriers and perimeter gates,[101] but actually an estimated 3,000 people were in the pens around 3:00pm. [247], The information was provided to the newspaper by Whites News Agency in Sheffield;[248] the newspaper cited claims by police inspector Gordon Sykes, that Liverpool fans had pickpocketed the dead,[249] as well as other claims by unnamed police officers and local Conservative MP Irvine Patnick. [4], Police disciplinary charges were abandoned when Duckenfield retired on health grounds and, because Murray was unavailable, it was decided not to proceed with disciplinary charges against him. Hillsborough trial: 'Not enough' turnstiles at stadium - BBC News The Liverpool manager, Rafael Bentez, set 96 balloons free. Hillsborough inquests: Sarah Hicks 'tried in vain' to save sister September 2012 Hillsborough disaster report (7.25 megabytes), 1915 British football match-fixing scandal, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hillsborough_disaster&oldid=1141795975, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2022, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles to be expanded from January 2022, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Christine Gifford, expert in the field of access to information. On Wednesday 19 April 1989, four days after the disaster, the second leg of the European Cup semi-final tie between A.C. Milan and Real Madrid was played. [46]:142 This was unlikely at the beginning of a match. A lengthier apology was published online. Some supporters were delayed by roadworks while crossing the Pennines on the M62 motorway which resulted in minor traffic congestion. He dismissed the claim by senior police officers that they had no reason to anticipate problems, since congestion had occurred at both the 1987 and 1988 semi-finals. [272] On the night of the verdict coverage, more than 124,000 tweets used the term The Sun. List of archive and library material relating to the disaster held at Sheffield City Council's Libraries and Archives. The ceremony was held on the Spion Kop Battlefield which gave its name to the Kop Stand at Anfield. Let's be honest about thispeople were against us. Other fans were pulled to safety by fans in the West Stand above the Leppings Lane terrace. There were cases of alcoholism, drug abuse, and collapsed marriages involving people who had witnessed the events. [15], Hillsborough Stadium had been constructed in 1899 to house Sheffield Wednesday. Hillsborough remains the worst disaster in British sporting history On a sunny spring afternoon in 1989, a crush developed at the Hillsborough stadium in Sheffield resulting in the deaths of. [297], Liverpool goalkeeper Charles Itandje was accused of having shown disrespect towards the Hillsborough victims during the 2009 remembrance ceremony, as he was spotted on camera "smiling and nudging" teammate Damien Plessis. Bettison had been one of a number of police officers who were accused of manipulating evidence by the Hillsborough Independent Panel. His actions were disowned by Chelsea Football Club and he no longer works as a broadcaster. He was suspended from the club for a fortnight and many fans felt he should not play for the club again. The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster Inquiry report is the report of an inquiry which was overseen by Lord Justice Taylor, into the causes of the Hillsborough disaster in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, on 15 April 1989, as a result of which, at the time of the report, 95 Liverpool F.C. One supporter wrote to the Football Association and Minister for Sport: "The whole area was packed solid to the point where it was impossible to move and where I, and others around me, felt considerable concern for personal safety. [284], The November 2002 edition of the men's lifestyle magazine FHM in Australia was swiftly withdrawn from sale soon after its publication, and a public apology made in the Australian and British editions, because it contained jokes mocking the disaster. [85], In February 2000, a private prosecution was brought against Chief Superintendent David Duckenfield and another officer, Bernard Murray. Hillsborough disaster: deadly mistakes and lies that lasted decades [53] Anfield stadium was opened on the Sunday to allow fans to pay tribute to the dead. A terrible crowd crush claimed the lives of 96 innocen. The anniversary was also marked by a minute's silence at the weekend's league games and FA Cup semi-finals. Hillsborough: anatomy of a disaster Guardian The evidence built into a startling indictment of South Yorkshire police, their chain of command and conduct - a relentlessly detailed evisceration. We had the media against us, as well as the establishment. Nottingham Forest supporters were allocated the South Stands and Spion Kop[a] on the east end, with a combined capacity of 29,800, reached by 60 turnstiles spaced along two sides of the ground. Peter McKay in the Evening Standard wrote that the "catastrophe was caused first and foremost by violent enthusiasm for soccer and in this case the tribal passions of Liverpool supporters [who] literally killed themselves and others to be at the game"[242][243] and published a front-page headline "Police attack 'vile' fans" on 18 April 1989, in which police sources blamed the behaviour of a section of Liverpool fans for the disaster. Fans outside could hear cheering as the teams came on the pitch ten minutes before the match started, and as the match kicked off, but could not gain entrance. [155], Echoing his 2012 expression of regret[158] former Home Secretary Jack Straw apologised to the families for the failures of his 1997 review of the disaster. [169] West Yorkshire Police announced it would refer its Chief Constable, Norman Bettison, to the IPCC in mid-September. On the day of the match, radio and television broadcasters advised fans without tickets not to attend. Williams was portrayed by Maxine Peake, whose performance was described in The Guardian as "almost unwatchably intense".[327]. It was brought by police officers on duty against the chief constable who was said to have been vicariously liable for the disaster. Jones stated that minutes after the disaster, Duckenfield "deceitfully and dishonestly" told senior FA officials that the supporters had forced the gate open. Fans were still streaming into pens 3 and 4 from the rear entrance tunnel as the match began. [156][157] Liberal Democrat MP John Pugh called for David Cameron to make a formal apology in the House of Commons to the families of those killed at Hillsborough and to the city of Liverpool as a whole. Several British stadiums have a stand called "Spion Kop" or "The Kop". The crowd numbered more than 60,000, including around 6,000 Liverpool fans, and all the match proceeds went to the Hillsborough appeal fund. Crowd safety was "compromised at every level" and overcrowding issues had been recorded two years earlier. It was performed by Lord Justice Stuart-Smith. [261][262] The Financial Times reported in 2019 that Merseyside sales were estimated to drop from 55,000 per day to 12,000 per day, an 80% decrease. Hillsborough: Fan injured in stadium disaster dies 32 years later . To which the plain answer is that a good and sufficient minority of you behave like animals. On 26July, the judge refused the prosecution's application for a retrial of Duckenfield. Andrew Devine, 55, died on Tuesday, his family said in a statement released by Liverpool FC. Many uninjured fans assisted the injured; several attempted CPR and others tore down advertising hoardings to use as stretchers. [133], Calls were made for the resignation of police officers involved in the cover-up, and for Sheffield Wednesday, the police and the Football Association to admit their blame. Two further gates (A and B) were subsequently opened to relieve pressure. "[114] However, the determination by Stuart-Smith was heavily criticised by the Justice Minister, Lord Falconer, who stated "I am absolutely sure that Sir Murray Stuart-Smith came completely to the wrong conclusion". This left planning for the semi-final match to Duckenfield, who had never commanded a sell-out football match before, and who had "very little, if any" training or personal experience in how to do so. . South Yorkshire Police had performed blood alcohol tests on the victims, some of them children, and ran computer checks on the national police database in an attempt to "impugn their reputation". He said that he 'could not fathom why he didn't call us, other than he specifically did not want to hear our evidence, in which case the first inquests were coloured and flawed before they even started'. No orders were given for officers to enter the tunnel and relieve pressure". Why are we treated like animals?' Mackrell pleaded not guilty to the charge against him. The lingering effects of the disaster were seen as a cause, or contributory factor, in all of these.[68]. This game was Liverpool's first appearance on the football field since the disaster two weeks earlier. [17] From 1974, when these security standards were put in place, crushes occurred in several English stadiums. Another survivor had spent eight years in psychiatric care. [314][315] On the day of the inquest verdict, Ingham refused to apologise or respond to the previous comments he made, telling a reporter, "I have nothing to say. It was selected by the Football Association (FA) as a neutral venue to host the FA Cup semi-final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest football clubs. [203], In response to the acquittals, Leader of the House of Commons Jacob Rees-Mogg called the lack of accountability over Hillsborough "the greatest scandal of British policing of our lifetimes". What Happened At Hillsborough? How The Disaster Unfolded An FA spokesperson said: "We supported Aleksander Ceferin's re-election as president of Uefa based on his track record in the role over a number of years, which included dealing with the . MacKenzie was suspended as a contributor to the newspaper. [128], The evidence it released online included altered police reports. [26][27] The terrace was divided into five pens when the club was promoted to the First Division in 1984, and a crush barrier near the access tunnel was removed in 1986 to improve the flow of fans entering and exiting the central enclosure. It noted "The weight placed on alcohol in the face of objective evidence of a pattern of consumption modest for a leisure event was inappropriate. I too was totally misled. Directed by Daniel Gordon and co-produced with the BBC, the two-hour film chronicles the disaster, the investigations, and their lingering effects; it also includes interviews with survivors, victims' relatives, police officers and investigators. [261] The Hillsborough Justice Campaign organised a less successful national boycott that had some impact on the paper's sales nationally. [16], At the time of the disaster most English football stadiums had high steel fencing between the spectators and the playing field in response to pitch invasions. I had absolutely no reason to believe that these authority figures would lie and deceive over such a disaster. It was a fundamental mistake. Trevor Hicks, whose two daughters had been killed, described the verdicts as 'lawful' but 'immoral'.[83]. On 26April 2016, after the inquest jury delivered a verdict affirming all the charges against the police, Crompton "unequivocally accepted" the verdicts, including unlawful killing, said that the police operation at the stadium on the day of the disaster had been "catastrophically wrong", and apologised unreservedly. The Hillsborough inquest jury must answer a detailed questionnaire before delivering their verdicts. Liverpool is a handsome city with a tribal sense of community. Lewis stopped the match at 3:05:30[44] as fans climbed the fence in an effort to escape the crush and went onto the track. [99] However, on the day of the disaster, "by 2:52pm when gate C was opened, pens 3 and 4 were over-full [] to allow any more into those pens was likely to cause injuries; to allow in a large stream was courting disaster". [94], Lord Taylor noted with regard to the performance of the senior police officers in command that "neither their handling of the problems on the day nor their account of it in evidence showed the qualities of leadership to be expected of their rank". The reason given was that the public inquiry in 1990, to which the altered statements were submitted, was not a statutory inquiry, and therefore not a Court of Law. [32] Although Mole could have been assigned the semi-final match's planning despite his transfer, that was not done. Inquests into the deaths were opened and adjourned immediately after the disaster. The death of two witnesses and contradictions in the evidence of others were cited as part of the reason for the decision. "[303], Popplewell was criticised for the comments, including a rebuke from a survivor of the Bradford fire. Duckenfield admitted that he had lied in certain statements regarding the causes of the disaster. [147] On 6 April 2016, the nine jurors were sent out to consider their verdicts. A 20 minute video of the disaster in Windows Media Player format. In October 1988 a probationary PC in Mole's F division, South Yorkshire was handcuffed, photographed, and stripped by fellow officers in a fake robbery, as a hazing prank. [31] The first planning meeting for the semi-final took place on 22 March and was attended by newly promoted Chief Superintendent David Duckenfield, not by Mole. Devine died in 2021, as a consequence of the injuries sustained at Hillsborough, with his death being ruled by the coroner to have been an unlawful killing, raising the total death toll of the disaster to 97.[73][74][75]. I was not sorry then and I'm not sorry now". A Leeds fan described disorganisation at the turnstiles and no steward or police direction inside the stadium, resulting in the crowd in one enclosure becoming so compressed he was at times unable to raise and clap his hands. [228], A song was released to mark the 20th anniversary, entitled "Fields of Anfield Road" which peaked at No. The Taylor Inquiry sat for a total of 31 days (between 15May and 29June 1989)[92] and published two reports: an interim report (1August 1989) which laid out the events of the day and immediate conclusions; and a final report (19January 1990) which outlined general recommendations on football ground safety. In 2014, to mark the 25th anniversary of the disaster, the FA decided that all FA Cup, Premier League, Football League, and Football Conference matches played between 1114 April would kick-off seven minutes later than originally scheduled with a six-minute delay and a one-minute silence tribute.[218]. [309][310] Despite this he was replaced as presenter of Fox Football Fone-in. Their views were not "the maverick view from a disaffected minority but the considered opinion of the majority of professionals present from the outset". The city of Liverpool will today remember the 96 football fans who died at Hillsborough stadium, 30 years to the day since the disaster. [145] Maria Eagle confirmed her understanding that WMP actions in this respect would be the subject of IPCC scrutiny. "[255], In their history of The Sun, Peter Chippendale and Chris Horrie wrote:[256]. The Hillsborough Stadium Disaster Interim Report - Wikisource Two thousand traveling Liverpool away fans entered an already packed terrace via a . [294] Johnson apologised at the time of the article, travelling to Liverpool to do so,[295] and again following the publication of the report of the Hillsborough Independent Panel in 2012; Johnson's apology was rejected by Margaret Aspinall, chairperson of the Hillsborough Families Support Group, whose son James, 18, died in the disaster:[296]. [154], Prime Minister David Cameron also responded to the April 2016 verdict by saying that it represented a "long overdue" but "landmark moment in the quest for justice", adding "All families and survivors now have official confirmation of what they always knew was the case, that the Liverpool fans were utterly blameless in the disaster that unfolded at Hillsborough. Jury finds 96 Liverpool fans were unlawfully killed in the Hillsborough disaster; . [162] Groome also claimed that match commander Duckenfield was a member of the "highly influential" Dole lodge in Sheffield (the same lodge as Brian Mole, his predecessor). Hillsborough." Dean Davis and David Walters, South African Liverpool supporters, were responsible for the service and the bench was commissioned by Guy Prowse in 2008. In 1997 Lord Justice Stuart-Smith concluded that there was no justification for a new inquiry. "Munich" is a reference to the deaths of eight Manchester United players in the Munich air disaster of 1958. [55] Elsewhere on the same day, a silenceopened with an air-raid siren at three o'clockwas held in central Nottingham with the colours of Forest, Liverpool and Wednesday adorning Nottingham Council House. It also produced two criminal investigations led by police in 2012: Operation Resolve to look into the causes of the disaster, and by the Independent Police Complaints Commission (IPCC) to examine actions by police in the aftermath. I have come to the clear conclusion that there is no basis upon which there should be a further Judicial Inquiry or a reopening of Lord Taylor's Inquiry. [66][67], By the disaster's 10th anniversary in 1999, at least three people who survived were known to have taken their own lives. Nobody really had any comment on itthey just took one look and went away shaking their heads in wonder at the enormity of it. [52] Within days, donations had passed 1million,[54] swelled by donations from individuals, schools and businesses. The prosecution ended on 24July 2000, when Murray was acquitted and the jury was unable to reach a verdict in the case of Duckenfield. After the last verdict was read out, I decided to jot down a few thoughts. Ninety-four people, aged from 10 to 67 years old, died on the day, either at the stadium, in the ambulances, or shortly after arrival at hospital. [29] Other accounts told of fans having to be pulled to safety from above. [39] Those still trapped in the pens were packed so tightly that many victims died of compressive asphyxia while standing. The record was produced by Stock Aitken Waterman and featured Liverpool musicians Paul McCartney, Gerry Marsden (of the Pacemakers), Holly Johnson, and The Christians. [3] The match was abandoned and restaged at Old Trafford in Manchester on 7 May 1989; Liverpool won and went on to win that season's FA Cup. [86] The Hillsborough Independent Panel considered the available evidence and stated that "the initial pathologist's opinion appeared definitive, but further authoritative opinions raised significant doubts about the accuracy of that initial opinion. 14 in the UK charts.[229]. [56], The FA chief executive Graham Kelly, who had attended the match, said the FA would conduct an inquiry into what had happened. There is a permanent memorial to the 96 fans who died, in the form of a bench in view of the battlefield at a nearby lodge. After the crush in 1981, Hillsborough was not chosen to host an FA Cup semi-final for six years until 1987. "[272] Trevor Kavanagh, the political editor at the time of the Hillsborough disaster, said that he was "not sorry at all" about the reporting and supported his former boss Kelvin MacKenzie, stating that "we were clearly misled about the events and the authorities, including the police, actively concealed the truth". Representation Construction: The Hillsborough Disaster Preview of my documentary about the effects since the hillsborough disaster regarding safety at football matches.Full Documentary at;http://video.google.co.u. [38] "There's gaps, you know, in parts of the ground. The decision angered the families, many of whom felt the inquests were unable to consider the response of the police and other emergency services after that time. Team captain Steven Gerrard and vice-captain Jamie Carragher handed the freedom of the city to the families of all the victims. [29] Leeds were assigned the Leppings Lane end. [T]here was no effective leadership either from control or on the pitch to harness and organise rescue efforts. A request was made to relieve some of the pressure, and match commander Ch Supt David Duckenfield gave the order to open an exit gate. [103], Regarding the decision to allocate Liverpool spectators to the West and North Ends, Taylor stated "I do not consider choice of ends was causative of the disaster. [159], Kelvin MacKenzie, who wrote the now-infamous "The Truth" front page for the Sun, said that although he was "duped" into publishing his story, that his "heart goes out" to the families of those affected, saying that "It's quite clear today the fans had nothing to do with it". [1] This resulted in overcrowding of those pens and the crush. [4] In 2009 a Hillsborough Independent Panel was formed to review the evidence. [119] In April 2009, the Home Secretary Jacqui Smith announced she had requested secret files concerning the disaster be made public.[120]. Is there, perhaps, a lesson there for the Hillsborough campaigners? Their claims were dismissed and the Alcock decision was upheld. Following the findings of the Independent Panel in September 2012, Alex Ferguson and two Manchester United fan groups called for an end to the "sick chants". Pearce went on to reflect that if South Yorkshire Police bore any responsibility, it was "for not realising what brutes they had to handle. Rather than establishing crowd safety as their top priority, the clubs, local authorities and police viewed their roles and responsibilities through the 'lens of hooliganism'. It obviously wasn't a silly mistake; nor was it a simple oversight. The name, originally that of a hill in South Africa, usually refers to an unusually steep stand. Margaret Aspinall, chairperson of the Hillsborough Family Support Group, asked for a face to face meeting with Hunt before deciding if she would[needs update] accept the apology.
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