of Colonel Pauls Dessalines Barracks forces were involved in the trafficking. The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) or simply the Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier.In 1970 the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). history of Haiti. So widely feared that the Haitian population referred to its members as a mythological creature, the Tonton Macoute, a sort of ghoul who kidnaps misbehaving children and eats them for breakfast, Haitian dictator Franois 'Papa Doc' Duvaliers secret police force, founded in 1959, the MVSN were highly feared, and extremely brutal. Tonton Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tonton-macoutes. Wegen ihres martialischen Auftretens, der habituellen Anwendung brutaler Gewalt, Acevedo pauses when he comes across a soldier with the last name of Vogel. The name was originally that of a mythological Haitian The militia was created in 1959, modelled on the Italian fascist Blackshirts. The Tonton Macoutes were just as likely to target poor people who supported opposing politicians as well as foreign diplomats and businessmen. "The Tonton Macoutes" by Bernard Diederich. He walked the streets at night, looking for children who stayed out too late. organized a paramilitary groupthe so-called Tontons Macoutes (Bogeymen)to terrorize the population. Who were the the MVSN (Milice Volontaire de la Scurit Nationale) and how did it affect the state of Haiti during its reign of terror and even today through the continuation of its legacy via subsequent groups? Contribute to chinapedia/wikipedia.en development by creating an account on GitHub. The following day, after the macoutes arrested two peasant leaders opposed to taxes, the local population burned down the mayor's office and took down the black-and-red flag of the Duvalier regime (the original Haitian flag was blue-and-red). tonton macoute atrocities. Those are unofficial reports the United Nations compiled from information supplied by a group of Haitian civil rights protection organizations. One. Navnet (bogstaveligt "Onkel strtaske") kom fra et navn fra haitisk voodoo for manden med leen.Da snnen Jean-Claude Duvalier "Baby Doc" overtog prsidentposten efter faderens dd i 1971, fik privatmilitsen det officielle navn Milice de . Bon, bonne nuit tonton, demain. A border crossing between Haiti and the Dominican Republic near Jiman in November 2014. Tonton Macoute. Tonton Macoutes byly ozbrojen jednotky, kter zdil haitsk dikttor Franois Duvalier jako svoji soukromou armdu a tajnou policii. Papa and Baby Doc were long gone, but gangs of Tonton Macoutes roamed the streets in pick-up trucks, randomly shooting anyone they passed. Tonton Macoute | Dexter Wiki | Fandom by Fabienne Josaphat. During a U.S.-led occupation of the country in the mid-1990s, the government of. tonton macoutes atrocitiesliver shih tzu puppies. During the 28 years in power of Papa Doc and his playboy son and heir, Jean-Claude Duvalier, or Baby Doc, the Tonton Macoutes and their henchmen killed between 30,00 and 60,000 Haitians, and. (February 23, 2023). Instead it seems that he is accusing the Haitian population of retaliating against his oppressive regime. Diederich is a journalist who once ran a newspaper in Haiti titled Haiti Sun. On July 13, the Haitian military kicked the observers out of the country. So did the power and training of selected groups of milisyen who came to constitute a real counterpart to the traditional power of the Haitian army. Le rgime politique hatien: Une analyse de l'tat oligarchique, 19301986. He was captured and sent into a Nazi forced labor camp. By the mid-1980s, the 9,000-strong VSN counted members of these various groups. Tonton Macoutes byly ozbrojen jednotky, kter zdil haitsk dikttor Franois Duvalier jako svoji soukromou armdu a tajnou policii.Dolo k tomu v roce 1959 po pokusu tradin mulatsk elity a armdnch piek legln zvolenho prezidenta Duvaliera svrhnout. In Haitian Creole mythology, Tonton Macoutes was a bogeyman who kidnapped errant children in the night and stored them in his knapsack. Both bands were managed by Ken Howard and Alan Blaikely (Matthews Southern Comfort/The Herd/and Dave Dee Dozy Beaky Mick and Titch). The facility has been completely revamped , come check us out! Duvalier left office in 1964, but the Tonton Macoutes assisted his son Jean "Baby Doc" Duvalier in securing power. Due to these living conditions, hundreds of thousands of Haitians were forced into exile depriving the nation of many of its most educated citizens. The Tonton Macoutes were members of a personal police force who were [u]npaid and led by Francois Duvalier in Haiti (Tonton Macoutes). After the Duvalier regime, a time when Haiti was unstable and lacked any competent law enforcement, the newly infiltrated Tonton Macoute members aligned themselves with the drug trade. Grenades and bombs exploded in the daytime and gunfire It was notorious for its widespread and . Al Stewart - Tonton Macoute Lyrics | Genius Lyrics ." The Criminal Activities of the Duvalier Regime Defense lawyers said LHerisson fired accidentally and have appealed the courts decision, Pierre said. Francois Duvalier, known as Papa Doc, is the impoverished island nation's brutal dictator. The goon squad known as the Tonton Macoutes, the regimes hated enforcers, became the most emblematic figures of the Duvalierist era. Tonton Macoute. ." With impunity, the Tonton Macoutes committed horrific atrocities against those perceived to be opponents of the Duvalier regime, including torture, rape, murder and other human rights violations. By the time Duvaliers regime ended in 1986, the Tonton Macoute had infiltrated and. . Throughout the 1960s, unarmed milisyen showed their support in government-sponsored parades. fayetteville state basketball; Tags . 1) Tonton Macoute was a progressive jazz/rock band formed in the UK in 1971. A third victim, Durier Cadet, was Acevedo pauses when he comes across a soldier with the last name of Vogel. Le tonton macoute tait assis seul une table, devant une bouteille de rhum et un verre moiti plein. Harkening Back to Dark Days in Haiti - FPIF This includes data values and the controlled Tonton Macoute was a Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois Papa Doc Duvalier. 2) Tonton Macoute is a french band formed in 2006.. 1) Tonton Macoute was a progressive jazz/rock band formed in the UK in 1971 from the remaining 4 musicians of Windmill after the death of lead singer/guitarist Dick Scott in a road accident whilst on tour. (Sleeve) 1971 RCA Limited. It was that of the sleeve designer. Tonton Macoute ridden by Fran Berry win The Saadiyat Handicap during the Guineas Spring Festival at The Curragh Racecourse, Co Kildare, Ireland. Jump search Armed group that conducts extrajudicial killingsThis article needs additional citations for verification. The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) [1] [2] [3] or simply as the Macoute [4] [5] was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Archives. Man this album is like a warm blanket on a winter's night. According to testimony, brothers Gerald and Gary Piquion were killed Feb. 8, 1965, when LHerisson fired into the crowd at a pre-Lenten Carnival celebration. Menu; Home; crawley magistrates' court results december 2020; homes for sale in margaritaville daytona beach. It is their actions that have isolated Haiti. Tonton Macoutes | Encyclopedia.com Executing children. She developed a "gruesome reputation for herself as she designed inventive sexual tortures" in Fort Dimanche. 4.00. Raping women. Execution in Haiti is generally by shooting. While she was a low ranking officer in the Tonton Macoute, her courage impressed the president so much that he promoted her to the position of warden at Fort Dimanche. Tonton Macoute - Wikipdia, a enciclopdia livre https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tonton-macoutes, "Tonton Macoutes 1 These different modes of multisensorial repetition, reverberation and anger are central . Haiti's Francois Duvalier Dictatorship and the Tonton Macoute Giga-fren " Tonton Macoutes " and Section Chiefs terrorized the population. The Bahamas continues to pay a heavy price for the sins of Franois In 1964 Duvalier, by then firmly in control, had Tonton Macoute is the Haitian Creole word for bogyman and a nickname for the feared National Security Volunteers (VSN), the secret police under Duvalier. Charles Ramsey gained his reputation with the Chicago Police Department in the early 1990s when he created, Synopsis "Ton-Ton Macoute!" Drug trafficking, and all the associated crime, continues to be an issue in present-day Haiti. The U.S. does not protest their dismal human rights record. 2) Tonton Macoute is a french band formed in 2006. tonton macoutes atrocities tonton macoutes atrocities An unruly teen survives the night while being hunted by the Haitian Boogieman. Haiti's history of violence and disasters | Reuters Relentless curfews, and Papa Doc's terrifying Tonton Macoutes militia, have made life in Port-au-Prince increasingly difficult for struggling taxi driver Raymond L'Eveill. TONTON MACOUTE: THEIR SELF-TITLED DEBUT, CONSIDERED (1971): The jazz You were a funny-looking baby, Uncle Lucas. . Since then, an estimated 3,000 people, many of them Aristide supporters, have been killed by soliders or allied gunmen, human rights monitors say. Under Francois "Papa Doc" Duvalier and his Tonton Macoutes in the 1960s, thousands of Haitians were murdered and thousands more fled the country. On the one hand, it documents the life and trials of a Tonton Macoute, a government sanctioned torturer; on the other hand, it also tells of the cowardice of weak men with great power. Wegen ihres martialischen Auftretens, der habituellen Anwendung brutaler Gewalt, ihrem auergesetzlichen Status und ihrem selbstgepflegten Image als mit Voodoo-Krften Verbndete waren ihre Mitglieder in der Bevlkerung uerst gefrchtet. Prog Reviewer. Haitians named this force after the Haitian Creole . They are referenced in the Showtime series DEXTER in a fictional storyline. Bal des Tontons macoutes, 29 juillet 1984 - YouTube Tonton Macoute or Uncle Gunnysack was a Haitian bogeyman who would snare misbehaving children and eat them for breakfast. Posted: May 21, 2021; 0 ; tonton macoute atrocities He creates his own private police force, the "Tonton Macoutes," who terrorize the population with machetes. Their uniformblue de-nim shirt and pants, straw hat, and a red sashevoked the traditional costume of the peasant god Zaka, the colors of the Haitian flag before Duvalier, and peasant armies of the nineteenth century. :Tonton Macoute1958 (Milice des Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale, MVSN) . A repetition that touches and sounds an angry call, inaudibly screaming against the violent silencing of history, resonating, and recalling the injustice of the past that is not past. Tonton Macoute or Uncle Gunnysack was a Haitian bogeyman who would snare misbehaving children and eat them for breakfast. Tonton Macoute was a progressive jazz/rock band formed in the UK in 1971 from the remaining 4 musicians of Windmill (2) after the death of lead singer/guitarist Dick Scott in a road accident whilst on tour. Add anything here or just remove it Home; Programs & Fee. Prog Reviewer. Tonton Macoute was a Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois Papa Doc Duvalier. Posted: May 21, 2021; 0 ; tonton macoute atrocities The Tonton Macoutes (singular Tonton Macoute referring to a member thereof; or Ton Ton Macoute) was a Haitian militia force under the control of Franois Duvalier. ." Tonton Macoute - JazzRockSoul.com The Tonton Macoutes often stoned and burned people alive, regularly following such rites by hanging bodies of their victims in the street as a warning to the population at large. What Are The Best Hockey Drills?, The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) [1] [2] [3] or simply as the Macoute [4] [5] was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier.In 1970 the militia was renamed the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (Militia of National Security Volunteers or MVSN, perhaps named after the The tonton macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) or simply the Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa 1) Tonton Macoute was a progressive jazz/rock band formed in the UK in 1971. Tonton Macoute was an English jazz-rock/psych band from Newbury, Berkshire, that released a self-titled album on RCA-subsidiary Neon in 1971, followed by a standalone single under the Duvalier left office in 1964, but the Tonton Macoutes assisted his son Jean "Baby Doc" Duvalier in securing power. The observers cited an average of 50 political murders a month this year. [10] Prior to the end of the Duvalier dynasty in 1986, when the Duvaliers fled the capital, she said "[i]t seems Jean-Claude is leaving the country soon. We have been unable to determine a motive for the killing, he added. The latest chapter began in Cc tonton Macoute ( Haiti Creole : tonton Makout ) [1] [2] [3] hoc n gin l cc Macoute [4] [5] l mt hot ng c bit n v trong Haiti bn qun s lc lng to ra vo nm 1959 bi nh c ti Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier . Percussion - Nigel Reveler Producer - Tonton Macoute Saxophone [Electric] - Dave Knowles (3) ( tracks: B3) Notes Released in a matt gatefold cover. Buy Tonton Macoute's album titled Tonton Macoute to enjoy in your home or car, or gift it to another music lover! Haitian police took ex-dictator Jean-Claude Duvalier out of his hotel Tuesday without saying whether he was being detained for crimes committed under his Haitians named this force after the Haitian mythological bogeyman, According to testimony, brothers Gerald and Gary Piquion were killed Feb. 8, 1965, when LHerisson fired into the crowd at a pre-Lenten Carnival celebration. She liked to arm herself with an Uzi submachine gun.[8]. Published by at July 3, 2022. Press J to jump to the feed. Encyclopedia.com. :Tonton Macoute1958 (Milice des Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale, MVSN) . / Jesmar via Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 3.0). Programs. He walked the streets at night, looking for children who stayed out too late. On the one hand, it documents the life and trials of a Tonton Macoute, a government sanctioned torturer; on the other hand, it also tells of the cowardice of weak men with great power. Tonton Macoute is the Haitian Creole word for bogyman and a nickname for the feared National Security Volunteers (VSN), the secret police under Duvalier. Tonton Macoute was a chef, and a member of Faction Paradox.He prepared food with a tracking-knife, cutting into histories and other possibilities.He also used it on himself, making cuts that let Tonton Macoute Jazz Rock/Fusion. it failed to The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) or simply the Macoute was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois "Papa Doc" Duvalier.In 1970 the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). Tonton Macoute. The Gallery of Everything brings Haitian art to London organized a paramilitary groupthe so-called Tontons Macoutes ("Bogeymen")to terrorize the population. A member of the Tonton Macoutes in Haiti; by extension, a thug or criminal. https://www.accountkiller.com/removal-requested. The Tonton Macoutes reigned terror on Haiti and everyone was at risk of being unjustly imprisoned or killed if bribes weren't paid. . Anthony Acevedo served as a medic during World War II. The Tonton Macoutes, or macoutes, became an important piece of the repression apparatus of the regime, which used them to terrorize, torture and kill opponents (Diederich and Burt, 2005). The Tonton Macoutes then tie the ropes around the men's biceps to bind them to the poles and keep them upright. A third victim, Durier Cadet, was 1) Tonton Macoute was a progressive jazz/rock band formed in the UK in 1971 from the remaining 4 musicians of Windmill after the read more. [ETC] The Tonton Macoute was the nickname of a Haitian paramilitary squad responsible for numerous atrocities from 1959 to 1986. [5] She was later promoted to the Supreme Head of the Fillettes Laleau, the female branch of the Tonton Macoutes. Drug trafficking, and all the associated crime, continues to be an issue in present-day Haiti. History In 1970, the militia was renamed the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN, Volunteers of the National Security). The Tonton Macoutes, or macoutes, became an important piece of the repression apparatus of the regime, which used them to terrorize, torture and kill opponents (Diederich and The unrest continued and 'The election went like a farce,' said Roger Lafontant, leader of the Tonton Macoutes, thugs loyal to the former regime of Jean Claud 'Baby Doc' Duvalier. Jean-Claude kept the militia after his father died in 1971. The group consisted of bassist and guitarsit Chris Gavin, saxist/flautist and vocalist Dave Knowles, keyboardist and vocalist Paul French, and drummer Nigel Reveler. The group consisted of bassist and guitarsit Chris Gavin, saxist/flautist and vocalist Dave Knowles, keyboardist and vocalist Paul French, and drummer Nigel Reveler. Categories . Tonton Macoute | Military Wiki | Fandom tonton macoutes atrocities; Recent Comments. it failed to Man this album is like a warm blanket on a winter's night. Instead it seems that he is accusing the Haitian population of haitianhistory. More than 250,000 words that aren't in our free dictionary "The mission is troubling internal public order and threatens state security," the expulsion order said. Tonton Macoute was a Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator Franois 'Papa Doc' Duvalier.In 1970, the militia was officially renamed the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Tonton Macoute was a progressive jazz/rock band formed in the UK in 1971 from the remaining 4 musicians of Windmill (2) after the death of lead singer/guitarist Dick Scott in a road accident whilst on tour. Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Brian Jennings News Anchor, Franois Duvalier (French pronunciation: [fswa dyvalje]; 14 April 1907 21 April 1971), also known as Papa Doc, was a Haitian politician who served as the President of Haiti from 1957 to 1971. The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. Tonton Macoute Lyrics: Come on to Haiti, you don't need a treaty / Papa Doc will do you OK / Tonton in the sun, he's polishing his gun / You'd better just stay out of his way / If you turn a . wikipedia.en/The_Dew_Breaker.md at main chinapedia/wikipedia.en Those abuses were cited by President Clinton Thursday night as he sought to convince the American public that invading Haiti was the only way of removing military leader Lt. Gen. Raoul Cedras and restoring exiled President Jean-Bertrand Aristide to power. You must there are over 200,000 words in our free online dictionary, but you are looking for one that's only in the Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary.. Start your free trial today and get unlimited access to America's largest dictionary, with:. Anthony Acevedo served as a medic during World War II. kilian back to black reformulated All ; instacart hipaa quiz answers quizlet Plasti Dip ; harrods press contact Used Tires ; paige halstead parents 713 Car Loan ; moonshiners: master distiller organized a paramilitary groupthe so-called Tontons Macoutes (Bogeymen)to terrorize the population. The Tonton Macoutes reigned terror on Haiti and everyone was at risk of being unjustly imprisoned or killed if bribes werent paid. The Tonton Macoutes often stoned and burned people alive, regularly following such rites by hanging bodies of their victims in the street as a warning to the population at large. The Tonton Macoute (Haitian Creole: Tonton Makout) [1] [2] [3] or simply as the Macoute [4] [5] was a special operations unit within the Haitian paramilitary force created in 1959 by dictator The Tonton Macoutes are also known as the Militia of National Security Volunteers. By the late 1980s, the name Tonton Macoutes applied to milisyen, informers, and torturers alike. On Sunday night, the ruling military-civilian council allowed Col. Albert Pierre, a high secret-police official under Jean-Claude Duvalier, to leave for political asylum in 2) Tonton Macoute is a french band formed in 2006. The militia was renamed officially in 1971 the Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (MVSN). Only after international pressure, particularly from US President Jimmy Carter, regarding human right abuses did conditions marginally improve. We were founded in 1954, and are still going strong. Why are so many dictators former doctors? | The Spectator Things To Do In Denver When You're Dead Critical Bill, 44 ratings5 reviews. 2 Dead In Motorcycle Accident, ." history of Haiti. Just reading up on the Tonton Macoute and the US involvement and got curious. Barnes & Noble has the best selection of Blues & Folk Blues CDs. Just reading up on the Tonton Macoute and the US involvement and got curious. The goon squad known as the Tonton Macoutes, the regimes hated enforcers, became the most emblematic figures of the Duvalierist era. . So widely feared that the Haitian population referred to its members as a mythological creature, the Tonton Macoute, a sort of ghoul who kidnaps misbehaving children and eats them for breakfast, The Tonton Macoutes would too come out at night (and even during the day) and take away citizens and dissidents who were never to be seen again. The Oxford Dictionary of Phrase and Fable. . A Milcia de Voluntrios da Segurana Nacional (em francs: Milice de Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale, MVSN), comumente conhecidos como Tonton Macoute (literalmente "Tio do Saco", em crioulo haitiano, aludindo s figuras do "homem do saco" ou "bicho papo") [1] era uma fora paramilitar haitiana inspirada no fascismo [2] criada em 1959, e que obedecia diretamente as The Linked Data Service provides access to commonly found standards and vocabularies promulgated by the Library of Congress. He came out on to the path and the Tontons Macoute shot him down from a car. Bernard Diederich and Al Burt, Papa Doc: The Truth About Haiti Today (1969). LHerisson said it was negligence, that he accidentally fired his weapon, but as far as I am concerned it was premeditated. The Tonton Macoutes were later disbanded, but remnants of the former militia periodically resurfaced and were blamed for numerous incidents of bloodshed. The goon squad known as the Tonton Macoutes, the regimes hated enforcers, became the most emblematic figures of the Duvalierist era. Cabelas Stuffer Parts, For those who sought a The Tonton Macoutes were later disbanded, but remnants of the former militia periodically resurfaced and were blamed for numerous incidents of bloodshed. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/tonton-macoute, ELIZABETH KNOWLES "Tonton Macoute Just in the first half of this year, the U.N. group and other human rights groups reported about 400 political killings, 120 abductions, 50 rapes and several hundred beatings in what they said was a campaign by paramilitary forces to wipe out lingering support for Aristide. Nom commun 2 - franais. Roadblocks were set up. Although at first the regime denied the existence of the secret police, in 1962 it presented the Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (VSN), a new civil militia composed primarily of peasants, as the official version of the dreaded Tonton Macoutes. The army has its Military Police Corps, the navy its Shore, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tonton-macoutes, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-and-press-releases/tonton-macoute. [4] After marrying Health Minister Max Adolphe, she assumed his full name. Martissant, des Tontons Macoutes aux gangs arms - Le Nouvelliste / Jos1950 via Wikimedia (CC BY-SA 4.0) Port-au-Prince, Haiti, May 12, 2022 / 13:33 pm (CNA). Tonton Macoute - Wikipedia Having returned Aristide briefly to power in 1994, the US military acting in concert with Canadian and French military forces, and in close coordination with former Tonton Macoutes and army . Wegen ihres martialischen Auftretens, der habituellen Anwendung brutaler Gewalt, Search for: Recent Posts. 23 Feb. 2023 . Tonton Macoute was an English jazz-rock/psych band from Newbury, Berkshire, that released a self-titled album on RCA-subsidiary Neon in 1971, followed by a standalone single under the The Milice Volontaires de la Scurit Nationale (MVSN), or the (Militia of) National Security Volunteers was a Haitian paramilitary force founded in 1958 to defend the autocratic They also had a tendency to carry firearms (Oakland). Not by coincidence, its graduates were involved in some of the worst atrocities of the 20th century - from filling the ranks of Haiti's brutal Tonton Macoutes to training the founders of Mexico's paramilitary narco-cartel Los Zetas. Tonton Macoutes byly ozbrojen jednotky, kter zdil haitsk dikttor Franois Duvalier jako svoji soukromou armdu a tajnou policii. They will kill over 100,000 during the Duvalier family reign. how to get a towing contract with geico university of west london ranking world university of west london ranking world One prisoner described that he witnessed two to three people die a day. CA; ACCA; App TRAINING; Fee Structures. The latter dissolved the Parliament, annulled the Constitution, allowed the Tonton Macoutes atrocities and massacres and in the end he himself was overthrown by a coup that brought General P. Avril to power. May 2021; Categories Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts Why did US Marines Most members of this force could not read nor write, and they often wore sunglasses and straw hats (Aponte). Instead it seems that he is accusing the Haitian population of 1970 present (52 years) There are two bands with this name. Tonton Macoutes, a militia force put together in 1959 by President Franois Duvalier, translated, means Uncle Gunnysack, referring to a bogeyman that captures children in a gunnysack and eats them for breakfast.